Integrated circuit (IC) | Types, Uses, & Function | Britannica
Dec 11, 2025 · Integrated circuit, an assembly of electronic components with miniature devices built up on a semiconductor substrate. The resulting circuit is thus a small monolithic ‘chip,’ …
Integrated circuit - Fabrication, Components, Processes | Britannica
Dec 11, 2025 · Integrated circuit - Fabrication, Components, Processes: The substrate material, or base wafer, on which ICs are built is a semiconductor, such as silicon or gallium arsenide. …
Integrated circuit - Microprocessor, Components, Design | Britannica
Dec 11, 2025 · Integrated circuit - Microprocessor, Components, Design: Microprocessors are the most-complicated ICs. They are composed of billions of transistors that have been configured …
integrated circuit - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help
Today, computers and other electronic devices use integrated circuits (ICs), in which all the electronic components are fabricated as a single unit. All the interconnections between the …
Jack Kilby | Nobel Prize-Winning Engineer & Inventor | Britannica
The invention of the integrated circuit made technologies of the Information Age feasible. ICs are now used extensively in all walks of life, from cars to toasters to amusement park rides.
Radio frequency integrated circuit | electronics | Britannica
Radio-frequency ICs (RFICs) are widely used in mobile phones and wireless devices. RFICs are analog circuits that usually run in the frequency range of 3 kHz to 2.4 GHz (3,000 hertz to 2.4 …
integrated circuit summary | Britannica
integrated circuit (IC), or microcircuit or chip or microchip , Assembly of microscopic electronic components (transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors) and their interconnections …
Integrated circuit - Bipolar Transistors | Britannica
Dec 11, 2025 · All ICs use the same basic principles of voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). In particular, equations based on Ohm’s law, V = IR, determine many circuit design choices.
Integrated circuit - P-N Junction, Transistors, Microchips | Britannica
Dec 11, 2025 · Integrated circuit - P-N Junction, Transistors, Microchips: A p-type or an n-type semiconductor is not very useful on its own. However, joining these opposite materials creates …
Application-specific integrated circuit | computing | Britannica
An application-specific IC (ASIC) can be either a digital or an analog circuit. As their name implies, ASICs are not reconfigurable; they perform only one specific function.