Freezing winds, intense snow, and short growing seasons shape them. Ice and snow kill the growing tips (the apical buds), and fierce winds distort branches, killing windward limbs and resulting in ...

From Ireland's Dark Hedges to the French forest that inspired the Arthurian legends, these forests have inspired countless ...

Hartwick Pines State Park is home to the largest remaining stand of old growth pine trees in the Lower Peninsula.

Soil microbes remain highly active beneath winter snow, driving complex nitrogen recycling that fuels spring plant growth.