The primary purpose of the cardiac examination is to assess the structure and function of the heart as a muscular pump and to evaluate it for possible malfunctions. Because heart disease is so common ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Thinking back to being a student, I can recall the struggle ― volume status and fluid overload. Congestive heart ...

What is a “cannon A wave” in the jugular venous pulse? A “cannon A wave” occurs when the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve causing a large pulsation to occur in the jugular ...

THE classical jugular phlebogram (JP) is a composite record of arterial and venous pulsations. Mackenzie 1 noted that if the carotid arterial pulse wave could be subtracted from the JP we would have ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of acute internal jugular, subclavian, and axillary deep venous thrombosis (upper torso DVT [UTDVT]) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and the role of ...